What are the differences between git merge and git rebase?

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git merge and git rebase are both used to integrate changes from one branch into another in Git, but they do so in different ways and serve different purposes.

git merge

• Combines the history of two branches by creating a new merge commit.

• Retains the branch history, showing where two branches diverged and came back together.

• Example: Merging a feature branch into main (git checkout main → git merge feature-branch) creates a commit that ties the two histories.

• Pros: Maintains a full, chronological record of development, showing how branches evolved.

• Cons: Can result in a messy commit history with many merge commits, especially in long-lived branches.

git rebase

• Moves or "replays" commits from one branch on top of another, rewriting commit history.

• Creates a linear history, as if the changes were made on the base branch directly.

• Example: Rebasing a feature branch onto main (git checkout feature-branch → git rebase main) re-applies commits from the feature branch on top of main.

• Pros: Cleaner, linear commit history that is easier to read and follow.

• Cons: Rewriting history can be dangerous if the branch has already been shared with others, as it may cause conflicts and confusion.

Summary

• Use merge when you want to preserve history and clearly show how branches combined.

• Use rebase when you want a cleaner, linear history and are working in a private or local branch.

Both have their place in a well-managed Git workflow, depending on the project's needs and collaboration style.

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