What is database migration in Django?

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In Django, database migration is the process of applying changes to your database schema based on changes made to your models. Migrations help keep the database schema in sync with the Python code that defines your data structure.

Django uses a built-in migration system to track changes in models.py files and translate them into SQL commands that update the database accordingly.

Key Concepts:

• Creating Migrations:
  When you make changes to models (add fields, delete fields, rename models, etc.), you run:

• This creates migration files in your app’s migrations/ folder. These files describe the operations needed to change the schema.

• Applying Migrations:

To apply these changes to the actual database, run:

• This executes the SQL commands described in the migration files.

• Migration Files:
  Each migration file is a Python script that contains operations like AddField, RemoveField, CreateModel, etc. Django keeps track of which migrations have been applied using a special table in the database.

• Benefits:

  • Version control for the database schema.

  • Easy to apply schema changes across different environments (dev, staging, production).

  • Reversible (you can roll back migrations if needed).

Migrations are a critical part of Django's workflow, enabling smooth evolution of your database schema as your project grows.

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