How do you debug a Python application?

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Debugging a Python application involves identifying and fixing issues in the code using various tools and techniques. Here's a structured approach

🔍 1. Print Statements (Basic Debugging):

• Use print() to check variable values, function outputs, or flow of execution.

• Quick and easy but not scalable for complex apps.

🐞 2. Built-in Debugger (pdb):

• Python’s interactive debugger allows step-by-step execution.

• Use commands like n (next), c (continue), l (list), p (print), etc.

🛠️ 3. Logging (Recommended for Production):

• Use the logging module instead of print().

• Supports levels (DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, ERROR, CRITICAL) and outputs to files or external systems.

⚙️ 4. IDE Debuggers:

• Tools like VS Code, PyCharm, or Thonny have built-in debuggers with breakpoints, variable watches, and step-through execution.

✅ 5. Unit Tests for Debugging Logic:

• Write tests using unittest or pytest to isolate and verify parts of your code.

• Failing tests can help locate bugs.

🧪 6. Exception Handling:

• Use try-except blocks to catch and log errors gracefully.

🌐 7. Debugging Web Apps (Flask/Django):

• Use debug mode in development:

  • Flask: app.run(debug=True)

  • Django: DEBUG = True in settings.py

• Be sure to disable debug mode in production for security.

Summary: 

Combine print/logging, pdb, testing, and IDE tools for efficient Python debugging, depending on the complexity and environment of the application.

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